Polymers in drug delivery scientific research publishing. The api will be released close to the site of action with a consequent enhancement of bioavailability mucoadhesive drug delivery systems provide a means of enhancing retention at defined sites, if systemic uptake occurs the use of mucoadhesive polymers will. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems in the past have been formulated as powders, compacts, sprays, semisolids, or films. Polymers are being used extensively in drug delivery due to their surface and bulk properties. As watersoluble polymers become more and more cross linked, the mobility of. Three kinds of methods such as tensile strength test, mucin particle method and rheology were used to compare the quantitative mucoadhesion of mucoadhesive polymers. According to the net overall charge, mucoadhesive poly. This also focuses on mucoadhesive drug delivery systems available in the market 1.
Hence, it is necessary to deepen the study of the polymers properties. Pdf mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action. Design and optimization using a combination of polymers. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p currently this section contains no detailed description for the page, will update this page soon. Gelforming minitablets and inserts made of thiomers show an interesting potential for future applications in the treatment of ocular diseases. Functionalized mucoadhesive polymers, such as polycarbophil, hyaluronan, and amberlite resin, have been developed and the characterization and. In some cases, such as for ocular or vaginal formulations, the delivery system is mechanically attached over the membrane. This work aims to develop a mucoadhesive tablet of ximenia americana xa l.
Thermoreversible mucoadhesive ophthalmic in situ hydrogel. This also focuses on mucoadhesive drug delivery systems available in the market. It has the desired characteristics suitable for developing mucoadhesive extended release formulations, which include its solubility in acidic ph and a. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems in the form of tablets, films, patches and gels for oral, buccal, nasal, ocular and topical routes, however, very few reports on mucoadhesive microspheres are available. Nov 03, 2005 the use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery the use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery salamatmiller, nazila. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. The complexity of interactions between various polymer.
Polymers with thiol groups might represent a new generation of mucoadhesive polymers displaying comparatively stronger adhesive properties. Bioadhesive and mucoadhesive polymers authorstream presentation. The mucoadhesive polymers play the key role in determining the mucoadhesive ability of a dosage form. This feature article considers recent advances in the study of mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. The aim of this special issue is to present recent advances in the area of mucoadhesive polymers and formulations. These drug delivery devices may be in the form of implants for controlled drug delivery.
The tablets were evaluated for hardness, weight variation, thickness, percentage of drug content, surface ph, invitro studies like swelling, mucoadhesive strength and drug release. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems authorstream presentation. For example, compacts have been used for drug delivery to the oral cavity. Weights and sizes, concentrated solutions and phase separation behavior, the amorphous state, the crystalline state, polymers in the liquid crystalline state, glassrubber transition behavior. Linear polymers these polymers consist of long and straight chains.
Biopolymers can be complex and nice introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. The helical conformation of polymers may shield many active groups, primarily responsible for adhesion, thus reducing the mucoadhesive strength of the polymer. Natural mucoadhesive polymers natural polymers, such as polysaccharides, can be distinguished. Excellent mucoadhesive properties are typical for hydrophilic polymers possessing charged groups andor non. The nasal mucosa provides a potentially good route for systemic drug delivery.
Chitosan and its derivatives for application in mucoadhesive. The term is sometimes used more loosely to describe a glue formed synthetically from biological monomers such as sugars, or to mean a synthetic material designed to adhere to biological tissue bioadhesives may consist of a variety of substances, but proteins and carbohydrates feature prominently. This also focuses on mucoadhesive drug delivery systems available in the. The present research mainly focuses on the screening of different mucoadhesive polymers for the development of mucoadhesive tablets with intestinal target.
Wide varieties of polymers such as cationic, anionic, nonionic, thiolated polymers etc have been used to design and develop mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Engineering design and molecular dynamics of mucoadhesive. Mucoadhesion is the ability of materials to adhere to mucosal membranes in the human body and provide a temporary retention. Mucoadhesive polymers for oral transmucosal drug delivery.
Being a basic polymer, chitosan is mucoadhesive only at limited phs and is only. Introduction opical application of drugs to the eye is the most popular and wellaccepted route of administration for the treatment of various eye disorders. In addition to factors related to the oral mucosa and oral environment features, the physicalchemical characteristics of mucoadhesive polymers must be also considered as factors influencing the. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. The main purpose of using mucoadhesive polymers is to localize the drug action and to improve.
Quantitative evaluation of mucoadhesive polymers to compare. Excellent mucoadhesive properties are typical for hydrophilic polymers possessing charged. This property has been widely used to develop polymeric dosage forms for buccal, oral, nasal, ocular and vaginal drug delivery. Mucoadhesive is defined as the ability of a material mucoadhesive polymer to adhere to the mucosal layer. In the particular case of polymeric mucoadhesives and after initial intimate contact between mucus and polymer, diffusion seems to play an essential role in the. Five polymers, namely carbopol, hpmc, sodium alginate, nacmc and guar gum, were used at different polymer to drug ratios. Polymers used in the mucoadhesive drug delivery system.
Mucoadhesive formulations reported so far range from simple use of watersoluble polymers or their mixtures to functionalised materials bearing specific adhesive chemical moieties. Various mechanisms of mucoadhesion or bioadhesion between polymer and mucin such as h bonding, electrostatic interactions, disulfide. Keywords diabetes mellitus, mucoadhesive microspheres, mucoadhesive polymers, mucoadhesion, sustained release, ionotropic external gelation technique 1. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive micropsheres of. Nine formulations were developed with varying concentration of polymers. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system free ebook download as powerpoint presentation. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems pubmed central pmc. The tablets, prepared with a mucoadhesive cup and a core formula, showed a high bioadhesive force and adhered to the buccal mucosa for 8 h, exhibiting, in vitro, a zeroorder drug release profile.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of. Mucoadhesive means of drug deliveryan appraise arc journals. A focus on mucoadhesive polymers and their application in. Specific processes include mechanical interlocking, electrostatic, diffusion interpenetration, adsorption. The major categories are wetting theory, adsorption theory, diffusion theory, electrostaticic theory, and fracture theory. Mucoadhesive polymers in the design of nanodrug delivery.
Theories of mucoadhesion the phenomen a of bioadh esion occur b y a compl ex mechanism. They are being used in drug formulations and in drug delivery devices. All the ingredients except lubricants were mixed in the order of ascending weights and blended for 10 min in an inflated polyethylene pouch. The api will be released close to the site of action with a consequent enhancement of bioavailability mucoadhesive drug delivery systems provide a means of enhancing retention at defined sites, if systemic uptake occurs the use of mucoadhesive polymers will not prevent a. Advances in mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers.
Quantitative evaluation of mucoadhesive polymers to. Introduction coworkers demonstrated the applicability of viscous gel ointments and mucoadhesive tablets for drug administra mucosal membranes are the moist surfaces lining the walls tion in the oral cavity 4,5 and polymermediated enhance of various body cavities such as respiratory. The ideal characteristics of a mucoadhesive polymer matrix include the rapid adherence to the mucosal layer without any change in the physical property of the. The microspheres were prepared by the wo emulsification solvent evaporation method using mucoadhesive polymers sod. Polymers that are bioadhesive due to their stickiness, polymers that adhere through nonspecific, noncovalent, primarily electrostatic interactions, polymers that bind to a specific receptor on the cell surface.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets of. The use of adhesion promoters such as linear or tethered polymer chains is a natural result of the diffusional characteristics of adhesion. Advantages mucoadhesive dosage forms have three distinct advantages when compared to conventional dosage forms 1these dosage forms are readily localized in the region applied to improve and enhance the bioavailability of drugs. Mucoadhesion involves several types of bonding mechanisms, and it is the interaction between each process that allows for the adhesive process. Advantages associated with buccal drug delivery have. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids firstpass hepatic metabolism, thereby reducing metabolism.
Bioadhesive polymeric platforms for transmucosal drug. In turbidimetric titration, a polymer with high affinity to mucin forms aggregates easily, which can be quantitatively determined by light scattering at 600 nm a 600. The purpose of the study was to develop an optimized thermoreversible in situ gelling ophthalmic drug delivery system based on pluronic f 127, containing moxifloxacin hydrochloride as a model drug. Intrinsic factors of the polymer are related to its molecular weight, concentration and chain flexibility.
Bioadhesives are natural polymeric materials that act as adhesives. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems has received noticeable attentions in the pharmaceutical field, resulted in the adhesion of the drug to the tissue for a prolonged period of time. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. Polyethylene oxide polyoxtm is the good alternative of hpmc for the matrix system and shows the good swelling and mucoadhesive property. Since that time, the polymer industry has grown and diversified into one of. Mucoadhesive polymers in the treatment of dry x syndrome. The tablets were prepared using gum kondagagu, gum olibanum and guar gum as mucoadhesive polymers.
Mucoadhesive polymers would be expected only to attach to conjunctival mucus in vivo, but 4796 asian journal of science and technology v ol. Mucosa, mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive pol ymers, drug delivery. Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems 3 the contact between the mucoadhesive and the mucous membrane, with spreading and swelling of the formulation, initiating its deep contact with the mucus layer hagerstrom, 2003. A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres nylon 6,6 and synthetic rubbers buna s are examples of manmade polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Theories, polymers, dosage forms, evaluation of mucoadhesive dosage forms.
Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive buccal tablets. The mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon and the mucoadhesive bond consists of two different parts, the mucoadhesive polymers and the mucous substrate. The bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs is, however, very poor due to efficient protective mechanisms of the eye. The incorporation of mucoadhesive polymers in the microspheres significantly increases the gastrointestinal transit time of microspheres 1. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. For linear polymers, mucoadhesion increases with molecu lar.
Mucoadhesive polymers mucoadhesive polymers are either water soluble or insoluble, derived from natural or synthetic source and are able to form several hydrogen bonds because of the presence of carboxyl or hydroxyl functional groups. Although many polymers were made in the following years, the technology to mass produce them was not developed until world war ii, when there was a need to develop synthetic rubber for tires and other wartime applications and nylon for parachutes. A wide range of formulations has been proposed for the delivery of small molecules, but comparatively few have found their way onto the market. The mucoadhesive ability of a dosage form is dependent upon a variety of factors, including the nature of the mucosal tissue and the physicochemical properties of the polymeric formulation. Transmucosal delivery using mucoadhesive polymers prof.
Polymers used in colloidal drug carrier systems, consisting of small particles, show great advantage in drug delivery systems because. Polymers free fulltext tablet of ximenia americana l. Facile control of the ph of the mucin and mucoadhesive polymer solutions is one advantage of the turbidimetric titration method. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery. The present study involves preparation and characterization of mucoadhesive microspheres with famotidine as model drug for prolongation of gastric residence time. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book. One of the most important features of the nasal route is that it avoids firstpass hepatic metabolism.
A recent update bappaditya chatterjee1, nursazreen amalina1, pinaki sengupta1, uttam kumar mandal2 1pharmaceutical technology, kulliyyah of pharmacy, international islamic university malaysia, kuantan 25200, malaysia. Gastrointestinal mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Lectins lectins are naturally occurring proteins that play a fundamental role in biological recognition phenomena involving e residues. A recent update article pdf available in journal of applied pharmaceutical science 75. Polyoxtm n 80 is one of the moderate viscosity grades while polyoxtm wsr 303 is highest viscosity grade. Mucoadhesive polymers and their mode of action semantic scholar.
Jagadeesh singh the mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a popular novel drug delivery method because mucous membranes are relatively permeable, allowing for the rapid uptake of a drug into the systemic. Formulation f6 containing gum olibanum with highest concentration showed good mucoadhesive strength 24. Novel mucoadhesive polymers in novel mucoadhesive polymer cases, existing mucoadhesive polymers have been modified, while in others, new materials are developed. Chain flexibility is important for interpenetration and enlargement. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system adhesion polymers. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system is a part of controlled delivery system. Pdf advances in mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers. Mucosa, mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers, drug delivery. The use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery the use of mucoadhesive polymers in buccal drug delivery salamatmiller, nazila. A recent update bappaditya chatterjee 1, nursazreen amalina 1, pinaki sengupta 1, uttam kumar mandal 2 1 pharmaceutical technology, kulliyyah of pharmacy, international islamic university malaysia, kuantan 25200, malaysia. The ideal characteristics of a mucoadhesive polymer matrix include the rapid adherence to the mucosal layer without any change in.
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